Model Data [Hack64 Wiki]

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======== Model Data ========

Banjo-Kazooie uses a file-system in which most resources are packed into file blocks throughout the ROM, and are unpacked into RAM when needed. Among these are the model files, each with their own syntax and load-lines. This page's purpose is to cover the syntax and properties of said model files.

===== Header =====

^ Address ^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x00000000 | [00 00 00 0B] | START |
| 0x00000004 | [<color #ed1c24>aa aa aa aa</color>] | Geometry Layout Offset |
| 0x00000008 | [<color #22b14c>bb bb</color> <color #00a2e8>cc cc</color>] | <color #22b14c>bb</color>=Texture Setup Offset (Usually 00 38), <color #00a2e8>cc</color>=Geo Type* |
| 0x0000000C | [<color #ed1c24>dd dd dd dd</color>] | Display List Setup Offset |
| 0x00000010 | [<color #22b14c>ee ee ee ee</color>] | Vertex Store Setup Offset |
| 0x00000014 | [00 00 00 00] | ? - Pertains to hitboxes |
| 0x00000018 | [<color #00a2e8>ff ff ff ff</color>] | Animation Setup |
| 0x0000001C | [<color #ed1c24>gg gg gg gg</color>] | Collision Setup |
| 0x00000020 | [<color #22b14c>hh hh hh hh</color>] | Effects Setup End Address |
| 0x00000024 | [<color #22b14c>hh hh hh hh</color>] | Effects Setup |
| 0x00000028 | [00 00 00 00] | ? |
| 0x0000002C | [<color #ed1c24>jj jj jj jj</color>] | Animated Textures Offset |
| 0x00000030 | [<color #22b14c>kk kk</color> <color #00a2e8>ll ll</color>] | <color #22b14c>kk</color>= Tri count, <color #00a2e8>ll</color>= vert count |
| 0x00000034 | [00 00 00 00] | ? |
''*Geo Types: 0000=normal, 0002= Trilinear MipMapping (RGBA16), 0004=Env mapping, 0006=?''

----

===== Texture Setup =====
The Texture Setup begins with a Header of Size 0x08:
^ Offset within TexSetup ^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x00000000 | [<color #ff7f27>aa aa aa aa</color>] | Size of DataSection in Bytes |
| 0x00000004 | [<color #22b14c>cc cc</color>] 00 00 | Texture Count |

Afterwards, an array of Meta-Information Elements follows (Tex MetaSection), where Texture parameters are stored.\\
Each Meta Element is 0x10 Bytes large, and structured like this:

''[<color #A946F2>dd dd dd dd</color>] [<color #b5e61d>ee ee</color>] 00 00 [<color #00a2e8>ww</color>] [<color #ed1c24>hh</color>] 00 00 00 00''

^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| [<color #A946F2>dd dd dd dd</color>] | Offset of TexData from Tex DataSection Start |
| [<color #b5e61d>ee ee</color>] | Type* of corresponding TexData |
| [<color #00a2e8>ww</color>] [<color #ed1c24>hh</color>] | <color #00a2e8>Width</color> and <color #ed1c24>Height</color> of TexData |

* the types used in BK are the following:
^ Value ^ TexType ^ Palette ^ Bits / Pixel ^ Color-Format ^
| 0x01 | CI4    | 0x20  | 4  | RGBA5551 |
| 0x02 | CI8    | 0x200 | 8  | RGBA5551 |
| 0x04 | RGBA16 | -     | 16 | RGBA5551 |
| 0x08 | RGBA32 | -     | 32 | RGBA8888 |
| 0x10 | IA8    | -     | 8  | I4A4     |

External texture indices start at FileID 0x1EF6, 0 indexed.

<code>

Example: 00 00 06 00 00 01 00 00 40 40 00 00 00 00 00 00

This sets up a 64x64 CI4 Texture from 0x600 Bytes after the DataSection starts.</code>

And finally, a List of the actual Data Elements follows (Tex DataSection).\\
Note that there might be additional Data Elements inbetween, if the Texture is mipmapped or animated.
----

===== Display List Setup =====
^ Offset from DLSetup Start ^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x00000000 | [<color #ed1c24>aa aa aa aa</color> 00 00 00 00] | F3DEX Command Count |
| 0x00000008 | [[http://hack64.net/wiki/doku.php?id=f3dex|F3DEX]] | F3DEX Display List |

----

===== Vertex Store Setup =====
^ Offset from VTXSetup Start ^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x00000000 | [<color #ed1c24>aa aa</color> <color #22b14c>bb bb</color> <color #00a2e8>cc cc</color>] | s16[3] Minimum Coords |
| 0x00000006 | [<color #ed1c24>dd dd</color> <color #22b14c>ee ee</color> <color #00a2e8>ff ff</color>] | s16[3] Maximum Coords |
| 0x0000000C | [<color #ed1c24>gg gg</color> <color #22b14c>hh hh</color> <color #00a2e8>ii ii</color>] | s16[3] Center Coords |
| 0x00000012 | [<color #22b14c>kk kk</color>] | s16 Largest Distance to Center |
| 0x00000014 | [<color #00a2e8>ll ll</color>] | u16 Vertex Count*2 |
| 0x00000016 | [<color #00a2e8>mm mm</color>] | s16 Largest Distance to Origin |

Each 16 byte line of the Vertex Setup following the Start denotes where a vertex is stored in 3D space, from where in 2D space its UVs begin being mapped, and which color and opacity alpha values will be applied to these vertices. Pulled from [[https://hack64.net/wiki/doku.php?id=rcpstructs#rsp_geometry_mode:~:text=Edit-,Vertex%20Structure,-Vertices%20are%20points|RCP Structures]] for context.

It is stored like this: 
''[<color #A946F2>xx xx</color> <color #00a2e8>yy yy</color> <color #f50569>zz zz</color> 00 00 <color #d1b219>uu uu</color> <color #ff5703>vv vv</color> <color #ed1c24>rr</color> <color #22b14c>gg</color> <color #3644f7>bb</color> <color #8f8f8f>aa</color>]''

^ Vertex Structure After Start ^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x00000000 | [<color #A946F2>xx xx</color>] | *s16 Vertex Position on X Axis |
| 0x00000002 | [<color #00a2e8>yy yy</color>] | s16 Vertex Position on Y Axis |
| 0x00000004 | [<color #f50569>zz zz</color>] | s16 Vertex Position on Z Axis |
| 0x00000006 | 00 00 | Padding(?) |
| 0x00000008 | [<color #d1b219>uu uu</color>] | s16 UV Coordinates: U Axis|
| 0x0000000A | [<color #ff5703>vv vv</color>] | s16  UV Coordinates: V Axis|
| 0x0000000C | [<color #ed1c24>rr</color>] | u8 Vertex Color Red Values |
| 0x0000000D | [<color #22b14c>gg</color>] | u8 Vertex Color Green Values |
| 0x0000000E | [<color #3644f7>bb</color>] | u8 Vertex Color Blue Values |
| 0x0000000F | [<color #8f8f8f>aa</color>] | u8 Vertex Color Alpha Values |

*Please note that ''s16'' refers to 'signed short'; a value which may be positive or negative and takes 16 bits of space. Positive signed values range from 0x0000 to 0x7FFF, negative signed values range from 0xFFFF to 0x8000. Whereas ''u8'' refers to an 'unsigned byte' value that may only be a positive integer from 0x00 to 0xFF.

<code>Example: 0014 0062 FFE7 0000 FFE0 0014 9292 92FF</code>

A vertex will be drawn at position (20, 98, -25). UV mapping will begin at -20 coordinates in the U axis and 20 coordinates in the V axis. This vertex will feature a color of #929292 with full opacity alpha of 0xFF or 255.

----
===== Collision Setup =====
The Collision Setup begins with a Header of Size 0x18:
^ Offset within CollSetup ^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x00000000 | [''<color #A946F2>xx xx</color> <color #00a2e8>yy yy</color> <color #f50569>zz zz</color>''] | s16[3] Minimum GeoCube Index |
| 0x00000006 | [''<color #A946F2>xx xx</color> <color #00a2e8>yy yy</color> <color #f50569>zz zz</color>''] | s16[3] Maximum GeoCube Index |
| 0x0000000C | [''<color #d1b219>vv vv</color>''] | u16 Y Stride - GeoCubes per X-Row |
| 0x0000000E | [''<color #ff5703>ww ww</color>''] | u16 Z Stride - GeoCubes per XY-Layer |
| 0x00000010 | [''<color #00a2e8>cc cc</color>''] | u16 Total amount of GeoCubes |
| 0x00000012 | [''<color #22b14c>ss ss</color>''] | u16 GeoCube Scale |
| 0x00000014 | [''<color #ed1c24>tt tt</color>''] | u16 Total amount of Collision Tris |
| 0x00000016 | [''00 00''] | Padding |

The entire map is split up into 3D GeoCubes that all share the same scale ''0x<color #22b14c>SSSS</color>^3''. They are set up in a 3D matrix, such that the GeoCube (0,0,0) is stretching from the coordinates (0,0,0) to (0x<color #22b14c>SSSS</color>, 0x<color #22b14c>SSSS</color>, 0x<color #22b14c>SSSS</color>). In Memory, the GeoCubes are stored as a 1D array, where the Y and Z strides are used for the pointer arithmetic of referencing the correct cube:

<code>
   cube_arr[cube_x][cube_y][cube_z]
== cube_arr[cube_x + (cube_y * stride_y) + (cube_z * stride_z)]
== cube_arr[cube_ID]
</code>
Following the Header, we have a list of 0x<color #00a2e8>CCCC</color> GeoCube instances of Size 0x08, looking like this: 

^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| [''<color #A946F2>aa aa</color>''] | u16 Starting Tri ID |
| [''<color #b5e61d>cc cc</color>''] | u16 Tri Count |

These are referring to a Subset ''[start : (start + count))'' of Collision Tris from the then following Collision Tri list. This list contains 0x<color #ed1c24>TTTT</color> Collision Triangles, of Size 0x0C, which are structured like this in BK:

^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| [''<color #A946F2>aa aa</color>''] | u16 Vertex ID 1 |
| [''<color #00a2e8>bb bb</color>''] | u16 Vertex ID 2 |
| [''<color #f50569>cc cc</color>''] | u16 Vertex ID 3 |
| [''<color #808080>uu uu</color>''] | <color #808080>unknown</color> |
| [''<color #b5e61d>ii ii ii ii</color>''] | u32 Sound + Collision Flags |

Where every Triangle is defined by the 3 indices as 1-2-3, which is important to determine its front facing direction.

----
===== Effects Setup =====

The Effects Setup for Level and Actor bins functions very similar in nature to that of the [[https://hack64.net/wiki/doku.php?id=banjo_tooie:model_data#:~:text=Edit-,Effects%20Setup,-Offset%20from%20Setup|Effects Setup used in Banjo-Tooie]] only with fewer effects to use. Effects types only appear to go up to 10 types with several unknowns currently. Level models can have texture scroll, though actors and objects do not appear to have the same luxury. Some actors like Teehee & Twinklies have effects. There may be more at play that determines how effects are activated.

^ Offset from Effects Setup ^ Value/Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x00 | [<color #ed1c24>aa aa</color>] | Effect Count|
| 0x02 | [<color #22b14c>bb bb</color>] | Data Start + Param |
| 0x04 | [<color #00a2e8>cc cc</color>] | Vertex Count |
| 0x06 | [<color orange>dd dd</color>] | Vertex Referenced from Vtx Store following Start|

Effect IDs are <code>Data Start = 100*Type + Param  (decimal)</code> where param is used to 
control the speed or amplitude of the effect. For Data Start in the table, param used is 0 and can range from 0-63. Type is taken from
^Type^Data Start^Description^
| 0 | 0x000 | ?? |
| 1 | 0x064 | Texture scrolling (along vertical axis). Param dictates speed [6A - Slow, 78 - Medium, A0 - Fast]| 
| 2 | 0x0C8 | Flickering vertex color, for fake lighting around flames |
| 3 | 0x12C | Oscillating texture scrolling + vertical bob. Param affects bob height. |
| 4 | 0x190 | Seems to trigger geometry to move (possibilities include squash, move). Additional param will crash game. |
| 5 | 0x1F4 | Vertex color regularly gets brighter and dimmer. Param dictates speed of glow. |
| 6 | 0x258 | ?? |
| 7 | 0x2BC | Rippling wave generation, amplitude controlled by bounding box of affected vertices, speed of wave dictated by param. |
| 8 | 0x320 | Vertex alpha regularly gets brighter and dimmer. Param dictates speed of glow. |
| 9 | 0x384 | Adds lightning sound effect, no visible change. Param does not seem to affect sound speed. Could be alpha related. |


Example (GV Model A):
<code>0003 0078 006A 0010 0011 0012 0013 0014 ... 0605 00AA 0015 06AC ... 06C0 0190 0007 0182 ... 018A 0000 0000 0000</code>
Loads 3 effects, the first being 78 (Medium Scroll) with the full vertex count of the effect being 106 (6A) vertices. Verts in the bin that scroll range from vertex lines 16 (0010) to 122 (0605). The second effect in the bin is effect 00AA (fast scroll) with a 21 (15) vertex count ranging from vertex lines 1708 (06AC) to 1729 (06C0). The third effect in the bin is effect 0190 (??) with a 7 vertex count ranging from vertices 386 (0182) to 393 (018A). There is a 4 or 6 byte padding buffer at the end of most effects setups.
----

===== Animated Texture List ===
If the model's animated_textures_offset is non-zero, the animated texture list is an array of 4 of the following struct:
^ Offset ^ Value/Syntax ^ Type ^ Description ^
| 0x00 | [<color #ed1c24>aa aa</color>] | i16 | Frame size (bytes) : 0 if unused |
| 0x02 | [<color #22b14c>bb bb</color>] | i16 | Frame count |
| 0x04 | [<color #00a2e8>cc cc cc cc</color>] | f32 | Framerate (fps) |

Note only the 1st texture in the model can be animated, however it can be animated with 4 different framecounts/framerates.
----

===== GeoLayout Setup =====
This Setup consists of a List of [[https://hack64.net/wiki/doku.php?id=banjo_kazooie:geometry_layouts|GeoLayout Commands]].
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