Animation Data [Hack64 Wiki]

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======== Animation Data ========

Banjo-Kazooie uses animation files comprised of a list of [[https://hack64.net/wiki/doku.php?id=banjo_kazooie:model_data#animation_setup:~:text=ii%20ii%5D-,Internal%20Bone%20ID,-0x000E|Internal Bone IDs]], their transformation type (scale, rotate or translate), and across which frames of an animation these transformations occur. Animation indices can be found in the [[https://hack64.net/wiki/doku.php?id=banjo_kazooie:rom_map | Rom Map]].


===== Header =====
The file header is 0x8 bytes in length and details the start and end frames of the animation as well as the amount of elements impacting the various bones of a model.

^ Address ^ Value / Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x0000 | [<color #ed1c24>xx xx</color>] | Start Frame of animation |
| 0x0002 | [<color #ffaec9>yy yy</color>] | End Frame of animation |
| 0x0004 | [<color #a800ff>zz zz</color>] | Element Count |
| 0x0006 | [00 00] | Padding / Unknown |

**Example (60f0.bin, Banjo's Backflip at address 0x0):**

''<color #ed1c24>00 0F</color> <color #ffaec9>00 A5</color> <color #a800ff>00 48</color> 00 00''

Loads an animation beginning at frame 15 (<color #ed1c24>0x0F</color>) and ending at frame 165 (<color #ffaec9>0xA5</color>) with 72 (<color #a800ff>0x48</color>) elements across those frames.



===== Element Header =====
The element header establishes that an internal bone ID is affected, which transform type* is occurring, and how many times that bone transforms between the start and end frames. Element headers are 0x4 bytes. Each Internal Bone ID may have more than one element corresponding to a separate transformation type of that bone. An element header only exists before the transform section for its respective bone ID and a new one is generated when all transforms for data count [<color #5724ff>cc cc</color>] have been written.
^ Offset from End of Header ^ Value / Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x0000 | [<color #00c6ff>aa a</color><color #ff8a00>b</color>] | <color #00c6ff>aa</color> = Internal Bone ID, <color #ff8a00>b</color> = Transform Type* |
| 0x0002 | [<color #5724ff>cc cc</color>] | Data Count |

**Example (60f0.bin, Banjo's Backflip at address 0x08):**

''<color #00c6ff>00 1</color><color #ff8a00>0</color> <color #5724ff>00 09</color>''

This element targets Internal Bone ID 1 (<color #00c6ff>0x1</color>), rotates the bone around the X axis (<color #ff8a00>0x0</color>), and does this at 9 (<color #5724ff>0x9</color>) different points between frames 15 and 165.

^ *Transform Type ^ Value ^
| X Rotation | 0 |
| Y Rotation | 1 |
| Z Rotation | 2 |
| X Scale | 3 |
| Y Scale | 4 |
| Z Scale | 5 |
| X Translation | 6 |
| Y Translation | 7 |
| Z Translation | 8 |
===== Transform Structure =====
The transform structure details the frames in which a transformation of the bone occurs and by how much the bone moves between frames with respect to the scale of the model (transform factor). Transform structure is repeated for instances [<color #5724ff>cc cc</color>] before introducing the next element header where [<color #5724ff>cc cc</color>] = [[https://hack64.net/wiki/doku.php?id=banjo_kazooie:animations#element_header:~:text=0x0004-,%5Bcc%20cc%5D,-Data%20Count|Data Count]]. The first two bytes of data contain two bits representing unknown values and fourteen bits which determine the frame of a transformation.

*Bitwise Parameters:

[<color #ed1c24>xx xx</color>] => ''[<color #99d9ea>D</color><color #c3c3c3>E</color> <color #22b14c>FF FF FF FF FF FF FF</color>]''

| <color #99d9ea>D</color> | Unknown 1 |
| <color #c3c3c3>E</color> | Unknown 2 |
| <color #22b14c>FF FF FF FF FF FF FF</color> | Frame of Transformation |

So data for each transform structure can best be represented like this:

^ Offset from End of Element Header ^ Value / Syntax ^ Description ^
| 0x0000 | [<color #ed1c24>xx xx</color>] | *Bitwise Parameters for <color #99d9ea>Unk1</color>, <color #c3c3c3>Unk2</color>, and <color #22b14c>Frame of Transformation</color> |
| 0x0002 | [<color #fff200>gg gg</color>] | Transform Factor |

**Example (60f0.bin, Banjo's Backflip at address 0x0C):**

''<color #ed1c24>C0 0F</color> <color #fff200>15 E6</color>''

At frame 15 (<color #22b14c>0xF</color>), two bitwise parameters are set as true (if [<color #99d9ea>d</color>] = <color #99d9ea>1</color> and [<color #c3c3c3>e</color>] = <color #c3c3c3>1</color>, then the remaining two bits must return false to equal 0x<color #ed1c24>C</color>) and then the bone transforms by a factor of 87.59375 (<color #fff200>0x15E6</color>).